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is a commonly used separation technology, which is mainly used for the separation and purification of high boiling point or heat-sensitive substances. Heat-sensitive substances refer to substances that show high sensitivity and are easily damaged when heated. These substances will change their physical or chemical properties when they are heated up or down. Heat-sensitive substances can be divided into two categories:

Heat-sensitive materials: When these substances are subjected to heat, their physical properties will change significantly. For example, heat-sensitive dyes can change color according to different temperatures and are widely used in the field of temperature indication and measurement. Another example is the shape memory alloy, which can change its shape reversibly when it is subjected to heat, and can be used to manufacture devices that automatically adjust temperature and shape change.

Heat-sensitive chemicals: When these substances are heated, their chemical properties will change obviously. For example, some organic compounds may undergo cracking, polymerization or oxidation at high temperature, resulting in changes in molecular structure. The characteristics of these chemical reactions can be used to prepare heat-sensitive materials, control the rate and products of chemical reactions, and even be used for the delivery and release of heat-sensitive drugs.

1. : Under the condition of reduced pressure, the ambient pressure of distillate is reduced, which makes the boiling point of liquid lower. This can avoid the damage of high temperature to heat-sensitive substances and reduce the boiling point rise effect. By lowering the boiling point, high-boiling components can be separated efficiently.

2. Protect heat-sensitive substances: Some substances are easily damaged, degraded or decomposed by high temperature under normal pressure. By distillation under reduced pressure, separation can be achieved at a lower temperature, thus protecting the integrity and activity of heat-sensitive substances.

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4. : The lower pressure is adopted in vacuum distillation, which leads to short fractionation path, small temperature gradient and faster speed. This is helpful to reduce the interaction and cross-contamination between components and improve the separation effect and product purity.

: For solid substances or substances with adsorption properties, solid phase adsorption collection method can be used. In this method, a solid adsorbent (such as activated carbon) is placed in a short-path distillation equipment, and the target substance is collected on the adsorbent by adsorption. Then, the target substance can be extracted from the adsorbent by centrifugation, solvent elution and other methods.

: In some cases, a trap can be used to collect distillation products. A trap is usually a specially designed device for capturing and collecting evaporated gas or liquid. The trap can be connected with a short-path distillation machine to directly collect the product.

In order to overcome these problems, short-distance vacuum distillation was developed. This technology combines vacuum technology and distillation principle, and reduces the boiling point of the target substance by reducing the pressure of the system, that is, creating a low-pressure environment inside the distillation device. In this way, the target substance can be evaporated at a lower temperature, which reduces the risk of thermal degradation and decomposition and accelerates the evaporation rate.

The development of short-path vacuum distillation technology is inseparable from the progress of vacuum technology. The development of early vacuum technology enabled scientists to create a low-pressure environment, which further promoted the realization of short-distance vacuum distillation.

The earliest short-distance vacuum distillation pressure technology may come from the demand for difficult separation in chemical and physical experiments, and it is realized through in-depth research and optimization of vacuum technology and distillation principle. The invention of short-distance vacuum distillation provides an efficient, accurate and controllable method for separating and purifying substances, which plays an important role in promoting the development of chemistry, physics and other related fields.

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